Structure of a Scientific Paper Essays - Philosophy Of Science

Structure of a Scientific Paper A logical paper is comprised of six sections; all should be sorted out with a specific goal in mind and should utilize appropriate English. Tests are utilized to demonstrate or invalidate speculations, and afterward the discoveries are accounted for in a logical paper. The logical paper can incorporate other researcher work in it likewise yet is must be referenced. They can likewise utilize different assets in, for example, passages from diaries and articles of magazines and books. A logical papers parts are the theoretical, presentation, materials, results, conversation, and affirmations. A logical paper ought to be written in short coherent sentences, utilizing legitimate language structure and appropriate English. You should use past tense in the theoretical, materials and results segments. You would likewise use past tense when alluding to your investigation in the presentation and conversation. For your estimations you would need to utilize metric units since it is a general estimation and a lot simpler to change over to. When composing a logical paper, researcher don't just utilize their own data and information, they can likewise utilize other researcher examination and trials to back up their own work or to make correlations. You may likewise utilize letters, research, note articles, supplemental, article surveys and articles from natural magazines and other logical explores. The initial segment of a logical paper ought to be the theoretical, which sums up the inquiry that your test depends on. It ought to incorporate your techniques, results and you ought to likewise make an inference in this area. It ought to be composed after your paper is finished. The following part is the presentation, which ought to present the issues and inquiries in an onlookers see. It ought to incorporate an announcement to include your theory. The third segment of a logical paper is the materials segment. It ought to examine the when, where, and how your examination was finished. It ought to incorporate the particular dates, times and area the analyses occurred. It should state how the investigation was set up and how you did it and what number of preliminaries you did. The Results is the following piece of the paper, it ought to clarify the information you gathered, and you can't decipher your information. You should utilize tables or diagrams to show your information and giv e a title and subtitle depicting any patterns, contrasts you notice in the information. You shouldn't utilize the two tables and a composed depiction of your information; simply compose subtitles talking about your outcomes. The following meeting would be the conversations, here you can decipher your information, you ought to look at the outcomes and show whether the consequences of the trial upheld your speculation. Show whether the examination responded to your inquiry and if any new inquiries came up. The last piece of you logical paper ought to be the affirmations, it ought to perceive the benefactors of your paper whether they gave you exhort, provided you with gear or helped you. In any case in the event that they contributed altogether they ought to be composed as creators, you ought to likewise refer to the creators you alluded to all through your paper. The refering to ought to be in alphabetic request of the creator's name. A logical paper must be composed and is unpredictable. It must incorporate every one of the six parts or it will be dismissed and not thought about a logical paper. It should utilize right syntax and utilize metric units for the estimations. It should bode well to and be clear to comprehend for anybody. It must show whether the trial was a triumph or disappointment and state why. Spare Submit

Would Tesco Be Successful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Would Tesco Be Successful - Essay Example Smith P.R. furthermore, Chaffey D. have contended that E-trade is generally thought to incorporate e-following, internet banking and shopping †it includes exchanges where purchasers purchase and customers really shop. Others recommend web based business is any exchange, for example, a help or an online list search (Smith, Chaffey, 2002). Tesco’s history has demonstrated that the dynamic vision of its supervisors joined with the inventive and creative methodology in technique and market arranging would pay off in spades. At first, Tesco with its ‘Pile it high and sell it cheap’ adage, had the option to fortify its market position impressively. The forceful market methodology, in light of procurement, further took the all out number of stores to more than 600 in 1960s and gratitude to Cohen, the biggest grocery store of Europe appeared in 1961 in Leicester. 1970s and 1980s saw the quick decrease of Tesco essentially on account of the low quality item. In any ca se, under the dynamic administration of Lord MacLaurin, Tesco experienced huge change. His business discernment was sharp to the point that he had acknowledged early that presenting innovation and building submitted client base would quicken the development of Tesco complex. He presented innovation in the two primary regions of deals and circulation and simultaneously, put forth uncommon attempts to draw in the privileged by opening superstores with very good quality items. MacLaurin rolled out numerous improvements in the essential configuration of the store by not just presenting a mess of new items lines including non food things, garments, home machines, electronic products and so on however stores in new arrangements like Tesco superstore, Tesco Metro, Tesco Express, Tesco Extra were likewise opened to meet all portion of the general public. Tesco superstores were portrayed by tremendous space and were intended to draw in clients everything being equal. It was trailed by a seri ous drive to make submitted clients as individuals through clubcard with the goal that they could offer their client extra benefits.â

eSilicon

eSilicon INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we are in San Jose at the eSilicon Office. Hi Jack, who are you? And what do you do?Jack: Martin thanks for having me on board here. Jack Harding, I’m president and CEO of eSilicon, I’m also co-founder. We started the business about 15 years ago and the vision was to put the semiconductor development process on to the internet. We discovered early on that we had some major challenges there. We stuck with some of that business plan but some of it we put on the back shelf. Interestingly, things have changed for the better in the recent years in terms of availability of technology, information flow and we’ve now made a major commitment to put our business back onto the internet and we’re making great strides. So it’s an interesting back to the future strategy for us.Fundamentally, we make custom chips where general contractor if you like, to make one of the world’s most complex chips for the world’s largest system companies and we’re among a handful of people that do what we do, we compete mostly with major corporations, about only about two or three. And weve carved out a very very nice niche market for a small company and we find ourselves that the combination with the internet emphasis and our core competency moving forward aggressively and with a great success these days.Martin: What is your background and how did it prepare you for starting your own business?Jack: Out of my 36 year career, Ive been a startup for 30 years and so I have a strong pension for working with the new ideas. I think of myself as a builder, I like to think about the future and just find those gaps in the market that I can exploit with a solid business plan.However, I didnt start that way. My first job was at IBM which was the opposite of a startup. It was a wonderful training ground but after several years I decided that my place was in a small company, I was trying to invent markets in businesses as oposed to executing establishments.Martin : Great and how did you come up with the business idea for eSilicon and did it change a little bit you?Jack: Part one of your question is: I was a president of a startup company about 20 years ago, a software company here in Silicon Valley and it was acquired by much larger company Cadence Designs Systems, a large software company thats electronic design animation. And after a few courses I became a CEO of that company and I was there as CEO. And from that perch I was able to see a lot of the trends in the industry. I was convinced that the industry was going to move to less capital investment, more automation, more internet access and a much more fluid flexible model. And I realized that to get that done, I had to be in a brand new company.So I put together a team of trusted allies who I worked with for any years and we started this company and raised about a hundred million dollars in the first four years. We started a whole new industry segment called the fabulous custom chip seg ment. All great ideas when youre an entrepreneur, if ever one calls you up and said, This is the worst idea Ive ever heard then you know youre on to something unique, they like it because someone else is doing it. We carved out that part of the market and within four years, virtually 80% of our competitors large and small had taken on our business model. And its that model that we pursue today.Part two of your question is a strategic change, fundamentally no. Weve had to adjust the strategy to economic conditions weve weathered a couple recessions here, globally. Weve had different times of financial success or other times weve had to be very frugal. But we fundamentally outstate the course just constantly enhancing our differentiation and our go to market strategy but I can tell you the idea is a basically the same.Martin: Okay cool. Jack, in the beginning when you said that you raised 100 million in 4 years, how did you convinced investors that fast to give you that much money?Jac k: Its a couple things. First of all, when youre out raising money, the team makes a big difference. I put together a world class team of executives both technically and commercially and that went a long way to getting peoples attention. But secondly you have to remember, when we start the business it was right around 2000 and leading into it 1999-2000, it was the internet craze and people were actually taking business plans to an IPO. Raising money was probably easier then than any time of the history. So we benefitted from the very liberal flow of other peoples money, as you call it into our business. But then we had got some very early traction. And an important attribute of being successful as an entrepreneur is getting at first of what we call a ‘Hit Record’ when you surprise people with a big account or some big success in the market. And we had a couple early successes and that gave our existing investors and then subsequent investors a lot of confidence in us.BUSINESS MO DEL OF eSILICONMartin: Let’s talk about the business model. What differentiates you in terms of the product from your competitors?Jack: Well, as I mentioned, we make customized chips. In other words, if you were my customer and you come and say, “Here is my functional design, my ideas for building this chip. Now I need someone to get it ready for the manufacturing by doing the physical design connecting all the transistors and then putting it into the supply chain and managing before its live, which is in my opinion were from two years to 20 years long. To get that done, differentiation comes in many forms. Some of them comes in the form of intellectual property for which we have a very substantial portfolio. Secondly, it comes from the design methodology which produces a reliable result.But in our case, it came from two other factors. But unlike our much larger competitors, who have a single recipe to make a customized chip they kind of throw everything into their funnel then t he chip reliably comes out the back and they do a good job. Our strategy was different. We said to our customers, “We will work with any combination of any supplier anywhere in the world to optimize your chip, not just to get it to work, but to make it completely optimal and give you all the boundless and limitless choices of every source of intellectual property in the world and every process technology and every package technology”. And then to manage that complexity, be a lot of us having come from the software industry for design automation, we automated the entire infrastructure of our business so that we have software tools helping us to make those decisions and providing that flexibility to our customers.So as they develop confidence in all the permutations we would allow them to choose from, our differentiation became simply, “Tell us exactly what you want get done and we have the software tools that will tell you that the recipe to optimize that” and that’s how we work today.Martin: So this basically would mean that you are in the mass customization business and others are as well, but your differentiation is that you are trying to optimize the mass customization?Jack: We are optimizing the production of the actual chip and we are also doing it by providing infinitely more information during the architectural phase so that people can make informed decisions about what they want their chip to do; do they want to focus on power consumption, or the performance of the chip, or the area of it which is a proxy for the cost.We have the ability to let them pick and choose and so for those outcomes and by doing so they can build exactly what they want and know that when it does come out of the factory it will work as they had hoped.Martin: You said before that you wanted to connect the semiconductor business and the Internet, so to speak. How are you using the Internet for delivering this kind of available position?Jack: Well, first of all, all the t ools we use internally are available over the Internet for our own employees and we make those readily available to engineers all over the world. We have people literally around the globe. And that’s very helpful, great efficiency.But the last two years we tried something different, we had a set of tools we thought where particularly valuable to us and in the spirit of the Internet so what if we put those tools out there for free and gave people access to doing things like test chips or production releases into manufacturing with 100% automation. We’ve had remarkable response. And it’s our business in this industry even though we make all the technology that’s the backbone of the Internet, we are not very big users of the Internet commercially so we thought we would reverse that trend.And so if you fast-forward to today, we have engineers in over 50 countries around the world using our free tools and we haven’t met two-thirds of them, maybe 80% of them haven’t met, we ha ven’t even been into half their countries but yet people are using the products. And in the last year we have had the amazing circumstance for when we give the people the option of buying from us, they don’t have to, we will send them the tactical work sheet, we will send them a contract they can sign, about once a quarter someone actually signs the contract, sends us a purchase order with a check for at least small test chips maybe $100,000 and we have never met them. So we are doing $100,000 transactions over the Internet with strangers with doing one of the hardest technical tasks in the world.And so this as a consumer gives me great hope of what the future looks like for all of us when it comes to the Internet; just won’t be Amazon, or finding directions, or doing a search, people will be doing world-class engineering over the Internet among strangers. And for us of course, we still have to prove the financial viability of our investments but the early returns are very exc iting and as an entrepreneur it’s what I live for.Martin: So, when I look at the product portfolio besides those kinds of mass customized chips, what else could you offer which is also related to this? Because most of the companies are at some point starting with one product category and then based on the core skills that they generated they extend to another product category.Jack: Good question, Martin. If you think about the architecture of a chip (we would not get too technical here) about half of the chip is memory â€" just memory. And the memory people usually select from suppliers kind of, as we say off-the-shelf. They get a memory that fits the chip approximately and is good enough. We have about 250 people who make customized memories, so part of our new product line and our associated differentiation is our intellectual property business. So when we built a chip for somebody, we asked them once again, “What are your goals for that chip? Can we model it on our software t hat we’ve developed?” Then we solve for what the perfect memory would look like. And then we build that memory, we design that memory for our customers and so instead of having a memory that’s close enough, they get the exact number that they need. And by doing so we can increase the performance, we can reduce the power or we can reduce the size of the memory therefore lower the price.So people like that particularly as chips are getting larger and larger, and denser and denser. If you can save 5% of the power consumption or 10% of the area or the cost, that’s a huge savings for the market place.Martin: Jack, let’s talk about your customers. What type of customers sequence are you serving? And when you added other product categories, did you extend this kind of customer segments or did you try to serve the same customer segments?Jack: So our customer base has evolved over the years. In the early days, about half of our customers were other startups. The semiconductor busin ess was investing very heavily. The semiconductor industry was investing very heavily to startups and venture capital available was astonishing, billions of dollars. And a lot of startups would popped up everywhere, and about half of our customers are name-brand people that you would know, the big logo guys.Over time, that shifted. The number of startups in the semiconductor world has reduced dramatically and as the funds for investing amounts has shrunk in fact there is a major consolidation taking place. So, even some of our medium-sized customers are now becoming huge customers combined. I’d say today 80 to 90% of all customers are name-brand household corporations. And these are the people that make computers, they make routers and switches. We have customers into consumer products that make hearing aids. Our customers have made virtually everything under the sun; industrial products, medical products, automotive and it’s been a wide range so the technology that we serve has been a very broad spectrum, the type of customer which you asked about has shrunk down to the big household names.Martin: How did you acquire the first customers? Imagine, you just started out your first iteration of your processes the younger Jack went out to some customers and tried to close the deal?Jack: I will never forget. As a matter of fact, if you don’t forget your first girlfriend, you won’t forget your first customer. A tiny little company that was actually based in India approached us and they were going to make a machine that was going to accelerate the number of Internet transactions that could take place this is back and take say 2000-2001. And I remember the entire negotiation took about one hour, contract and all, because they were small company looking for help and we’re a small company anxious to sign somebody up and we did. We thought we are on our way now. That actually served to help us not at all because they were so small and we were too.We then came a cross a division of one of the world’s largest companies called us up here in Silicon Valley and we knew some of the engineers who knew us personally, back to that personal connection that hit record if you will. They called us up and said, “We know your team, we know their reputation, and we’re looking for someone to help make this chip for us. Could you give us a hand?” We said, “We know you are new but we know your people from other companies and we’ve worked with you other times before and we’re willing to sign you up.” And that was our hit record. And after that, that name-brand account was enough for everyone else to hear that if they will buy from you then we will too and then we were on our way.And about every other year thereafter we pretty much had another hit record account that just accelerated our growth and our credibility. I often talk to other entrepreneurs about this phase of growth and I refer to it as getting lucky and not lucky in the sense of ran dom events but position yourself to exploit a good opportunity that comes your way that was not predictable. So we’ve always been very conscious about making sure that when that phone call came from that big guy that we thought we couldn’t sell to otherwise that we were ready to go that we had the materials to present that we had the people who can articulate our value and that and we can at least give the perception that image of a more successful larger company.And a lot of great companies fail with great business plans, lots of money, great people and big markets because they are not prepared for that phone call when it happens and that one in a lifetime chance just goes right by without them responding. So we are always very cognizant of that having many of us had been in our second, third and fourth startup and we are always ready to look big event if we weren’t.Martin: What are the major obstacles over the 15-16 years besides the crisis like financial crisis like bubble burst and financial crisis? And how did you try to cope with it?Jack: You mentioned the big ones and of course they are true for everybody. Even though they are somewhat predictable, it’s how you respond is of great importance.But I think single obstacles that we had were not anticipating how quickly our major competitors who are using their own major factories and their own capital investments abandoned all their capital and came to our business model. It seems like overnight we are competing with some of the largest and best companies in the world and the electronic space and that caught us off guard.In fact, we were discussing in the other day, the first seven years of the business we enjoyed sort of unfettered access to the market we were different we were fresh and new and we were very nimble. In the second phase of our growth, the second five years we found ourselves being bombarded by major corporations who actually picked up our flexibility and the nimbleness and we just d idn’t have the brand or the cash with which to compete. I think that our response to that was to just double down our efforts on building differentiation. That’s how we got into the intellectual property business we said, “We need something that’s special and different not easily duplicated that people say we need to deal with eSilicon for these reasons”.So it’s been in the last 5 to 7 years we’ve enjoyed that positioning. We also recognizes the complexity was growing that we would have to accelerate the development of our own internal automated tools to manage the complexity and that’s playing great defense today. So we responded quickly but in this business responding quickly means maybe 3 to 4 years. You can’t turn on the proverbial dime.So now we’re enjoying all the investment but we did go through a period where I felt looking back today, we’re quite flat we saw what we had to do and we did it and in summing up to terms we did it quickly but it was a chall enging period.Martin: Jack, you said you didn’t expect your competitors to change up their business so quickly. How did it really take in terms of years? And why do you think it was that quickly? Because most of the Startups think “Oh the old guys, they will never change, like maybe 15 years but until then I’m big.” What was your expectation?Jack: First of all, the companies that had the factories (the big guys, so to speak), they are all excellent firms well-run and very nimble strategically and as big companies would probably move faster than other big companies, so to speak. We guessed wrong because of the billions of dollars that they had invested in their facilities. What I think, looking backward I miscalculated, wasn’t their commitment to what they already spent but their loathing of having to spend again to stay current. So if they had spent $2 billion dollars to build the infrastructure they were using their going to have to spend 4 billion to keep it current. Whe n they face that next check to write they look around and said, “Look these are those small companies are here being successful without all this infrastructure we can do it too.”I kept thinking about what they had spent not versus what they were about to spend. And that’s what accelerated their transition to our model and caused them jettison their infrastructure very quickly.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM JACK HARDING In San Jose (CA), we meet Co-Founder, President CEO of eSilicon, Jack Harding. Jack talks about his story how he came up with the idea and founded eSilicon, how the current business model works, as well as he provides some advice for young entrepreneurs.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we are in San Jose at the eSilicon Office. Hi Jack, who are you? And what do you do?Jack: Martin thanks for having me on board here. Jack Harding, I’m president and CEO of eSilicon, I’m also co-founder. We started the business about 15 years ago and the vision was to put the semiconductor development process on to the internet. We discovered early on that we had some major challenges there. We stuck with some of that business plan but some of it we put on the back shelf. Interestingly, things have changed for the better in the recent years in terms of availability of technology, information flow and we’ve now made a major commitment to put our business back onto the internet and we’re making great strides. So it’s an interesting back to the future strategy for us.Fundamentally, we make custom chips where general contractor if you like, to make one of the world’s most complex chips for the world’s largest system companies and we’re among a handful of people that do what we do, we compete mostly with major corporations, about only about two or three. And weve carved out a very very nice niche market for a small company and we find ourselves that the combination with the internet emphasis and our core competency moving forward aggressively and with a great success these days.Martin: What is your background and how did it prepare you for starting your own business?Jack: Out of my 36 year career, Ive been a startup for 30 years and so I have a strong pension for working with the new ideas. I think of myself as a builder, I like to think about the future and just find those gaps in the market that I can exploit with a solid business plan.However, I didnt start that way. My first job was at IBM which was the opposite of a startup. It was a wonderful training ground but after several years I decided that my place was in a small company, I was trying to invent markets in businesses as oposed to executing establishments.Martin: Great and how did you come up with the business idea for eSilicon and did it change a little bit you?Jack: Part one of your question is: I was a president of a startup company about 20 years ago, a software company here in Silicon Valley and it was acquired by much larger company Cadence Designs Systems, a large software company thats electronic design animation. And after a few courses I became a CEO of that company and I was there as CEO. And from that perch I was able to see a lot of the trends in the industry. I was convinced that the industry was going to move to less capital investment, more automation, more internet access and a much more fluid flexible model. And I realized that to get that done, I had to be in a brand new company.So I put together a team of trusted allies who I worked with for any years and we started this company and raised about a hundred million dollars in the first four years. We started a whole new industry segment called the fabulous custom chip segment. All great ideas when youre an entrepreneur, if ever one calls you up and said, This is the worst idea Ive ever heard then you know youre on to something unique, they like it because someone else is doing it. We carved out that part of the market and within four years, virtually 80% of our competitors large and small had taken on our business model. And its that model that we pursue today.Part two of your question is a strategic change, fundamentally no. Weve had to adjust the strategy to economic conditions weve weathered a couple recessions here, globally. Weve had different times of financial success or other times weve had to be very frugal. But we fundamentally outstate the course just constantly enhancing our differentiat ion and our go to market strategy but I can tell you the idea is a basically the same.Martin: Okay cool. Jack, in the beginning when you said that you raised 100 million in 4 years, how did you convinced investors that fast to give you that much money?Jack: Its a couple things. First of all, when youre out raising money, the team makes a big difference. I put together a world class team of executives both technically and commercially and that went a long way to getting peoples attention. But secondly you have to remember, when we start the business it was right around 2000 and leading into it 1999-2000, it was the internet craze and people were actually taking business plans to an IPO. Raising money was probably easier then than any time of the history. So we benefitted from the very liberal flow of other peoples money, as you call it into our business. But then we had got some very early traction. And an important attribute of being successful as an entrepreneur is getting at first of what we call a ‘Hit Record’ when you surprise people with a big account or some big success in the market. And we had a couple early successes and that gave our existing investors and then subsequent investors a lot of confidence in us.BUSINESS MODEL OF eSILICONMartin: Let’s talk about the business model. What differentiates you in terms of the product from your competitors?Jack: Well, as I mentioned, we make customized chips. In other words, if you were my customer and you come and say, “Here is my functional design, my ideas for building this chip. Now I need someone to get it ready for the manufacturing by doing the physical design connecting all the transistors and then putting it into the supply chain and managing before its live, which is in my opinion were from two years to 20 years long. To get that done, differentiation comes in many forms. Some of them comes in the form of intellectual property for which we have a very substantial portfolio. Secondly, it comes from the design methodology which produces a reliable result.But in our case, it came from two other factors. But unlike our much larger competitors, who have a single recipe to make a customized chip they kind of throw everything into their funnel then the chip reliably comes out the back and they do a good job. Our strategy was different. We said to our customers, “We will work with any combination of any supplier anywhere in the world to optimize your chip, not just to get it to work, but to make it completely optimal and give you all the boundless and limitless choices of every source of intellectual property in the world and every process technology and every package technology”. And then to manage that complexity, be a lot of us having come from the software industry for design automation, we automated the entire infrastructure of our business so that we have software tools helping us to make those decisions and providing that flexibility to our customers.So as they develo p confidence in all the permutations we would allow them to choose from, our differentiation became simply, “Tell us exactly what you want get done and we have the software tools that will tell you that the recipe to optimize that” and that’s how we work today.Martin: So this basically would mean that you are in the mass customization business and others are as well, but your differentiation is that you are trying to optimize the mass customization?Jack: We are optimizing the production of the actual chip and we are also doing it by providing infinitely more information during the architectural phase so that people can make informed decisions about what they want their chip to do; do they want to focus on power consumption, or the performance of the chip, or the area of it which is a proxy for the cost.We have the ability to let them pick and choose and so for those outcomes and by doing so they can build exactly what they want and know that when it does come out of the factor y it will work as they had hoped.Martin: You said before that you wanted to connect the semiconductor business and the Internet, so to speak. How are you using the Internet for delivering this kind of available position?Jack: Well, first of all, all the tools we use internally are available over the Internet for our own employees and we make those readily available to engineers all over the world. We have people literally around the globe. And that’s very helpful, great efficiency.But the last two years we tried something different, we had a set of tools we thought where particularly valuable to us and in the spirit of the Internet so what if we put those tools out there for free and gave people access to doing things like test chips or production releases into manufacturing with 100% automation. We’ve had remarkable response. And it’s our business in this industry even though we make all the technology that’s the backbone of the Internet, we are not very big users of the In ternet commercially so we thought we would reverse that trend.And so if you fast-forward to today, we have engineers in over 50 countries around the world using our free tools and we haven’t met two-thirds of them, maybe 80% of them haven’t met, we haven’t even been into half their countries but yet people are using the products. And in the last year we have had the amazing circumstance for when we give the people the option of buying from us, they don’t have to, we will send them the tactical work sheet, we will send them a contract they can sign, about once a quarter someone actually signs the contract, sends us a purchase order with a check for at least small test chips maybe $100,000 and we have never met them. So we are doing $100,000 transactions over the Internet with strangers with doing one of the hardest technical tasks in the world.And so this as a consumer gives me great hope of what the future looks like for all of us when it comes to the Internet; just won’t be Amazon, or finding directions, or doing a search, people will be doing world-class engineering over the Internet among strangers. And for us of course, we still have to prove the financial viability of our investments but the early returns are very exciting and as an entrepreneur it’s what I live for.Martin: So, when I look at the product portfolio besides those kinds of mass customized chips, what else could you offer which is also related to this? Because most of the companies are at some point starting with one product category and then based on the core skills that they generated they extend to another product category.Jack: Good question, Martin. If you think about the architecture of a chip (we would not get too technical here) about half of the chip is memory â€" just memory. And the memory people usually select from suppliers kind of, as we say off-the-shelf. They get a memory that fits the chip approximately and is good enough. We have about 250 people who make customi zed memories, so part of our new product line and our associated differentiation is our intellectual property business. So when we built a chip for somebody, we asked them once again, “What are your goals for that chip? Can we model it on our software that we’ve developed?” Then we solve for what the perfect memory would look like. And then we build that memory, we design that memory for our customers and so instead of having a memory that’s close enough, they get the exact number that they need. And by doing so we can increase the performance, we can reduce the power or we can reduce the size of the memory therefore lower the price.So people like that particularly as chips are getting larger and larger, and denser and denser. If you can save 5% of the power consumption or 10% of the area or the cost, that’s a huge savings for the market place.Martin: Jack, let’s talk about your customers. What type of customers sequence are you serving? And when you added other product categories, did you extend this kind of customer segments or did you try to serve the same customer segments?Jack: So our customer base has evolved over the years. In the early days, about half of our customers were other startups. The semiconductor business was investing very heavily. The semiconductor industry was investing very heavily to startups and venture capital available was astonishing, billions of dollars. And a lot of startups would popped up everywhere, and about half of our customers are name-brand people that you would know, the big logo guys.Over time, that shifted. The number of startups in the semiconductor world has reduced dramatically and as the funds for investing amounts has shrunk in fact there is a major consolidation taking place. So, even some of our medium-sized customers are now becoming huge customers combined. I’d say today 80 to 90% of all customers are name-brand household corporations. And these are the people that make computers, they make router s and switches. We have customers into consumer products that make hearing aids. Our customers have made virtually everything under the sun; industrial products, medical products, automotive and it’s been a wide range so the technology that we serve has been a very broad spectrum, the type of customer which you asked about has shrunk down to the big household names.Martin: How did you acquire the first customers? Imagine, you just started out your first iteration of your processes the younger Jack went out to some customers and tried to close the deal?Jack: I will never forget. As a matter of fact, if you don’t forget your first girlfriend, you won’t forget your first customer. A tiny little company that was actually based in India approached us and they were going to make a machine that was going to accelerate the number of Internet transactions that could take place this is back and take say 2000-2001. And I remember the entire negotiation took about one hour, contract and a ll, because they were small company looking for help and we’re a small company anxious to sign somebody up and we did. We thought we are on our way now. That actually served to help us not at all because they were so small and we were too.We then came across a division of one of the world’s largest companies called us up here in Silicon Valley and we knew some of the engineers who knew us personally, back to that personal connection that hit record if you will. They called us up and said, “We know your team, we know their reputation, and we’re looking for someone to help make this chip for us. Could you give us a hand?” We said, “We know you are new but we know your people from other companies and we’ve worked with you other times before and we’re willing to sign you up.” And that was our hit record. And after that, that name-brand account was enough for everyone else to hear that if they will buy from you then we will too and then we were on our way.And about ever y other year thereafter we pretty much had another hit record account that just accelerated our growth and our credibility. I often talk to other entrepreneurs about this phase of growth and I refer to it as getting lucky and not lucky in the sense of random events but position yourself to exploit a good opportunity that comes your way that was not predictable. So we’ve always been very conscious about making sure that when that phone call came from that big guy that we thought we couldn’t sell to otherwise that we were ready to go that we had the materials to present that we had the people who can articulate our value and that and we can at least give the perception that image of a more successful larger company.And a lot of great companies fail with great business plans, lots of money, great people and big markets because they are not prepared for that phone call when it happens and that one in a lifetime chance just goes right by without them responding. So we are always very cognizant of that having many of us had been in our second, third and fourth startup and we are always ready to look big event if we weren’t.Martin: What are the major obstacles over the 15-16 years besides the crisis like financial crisis like bubble burst and financial crisis? And how did you try to cope with it?Jack: You mentioned the big ones and of course they are true for everybody. Even though they are somewhat predictable, it’s how you respond is of great importance.But I think single obstacles that we had were not anticipating how quickly our major competitors who are using their own major factories and their own capital investments abandoned all their capital and came to our business model. It seems like overnight we are competing with some of the largest and best companies in the world and the electronic space and that caught us off guard.In fact, we were discussing in the other day, the first seven years of the business we enjoyed sort of unfettered access to the ma rket we were different we were fresh and new and we were very nimble. In the second phase of our growth, the second five years we found ourselves being bombarded by major corporations who actually picked up our flexibility and the nimbleness and we just didn’t have the brand or the cash with which to compete. I think that our response to that was to just double down our efforts on building differentiation. That’s how we got into the intellectual property business we said, “We need something that’s special and different not easily duplicated that people say we need to deal with eSilicon for these reasons”.So it’s been in the last 5 to 7 years we’ve enjoyed that positioning. We also recognizes the complexity was growing that we would have to accelerate the development of our own internal automated tools to manage the complexity and that’s playing great defense today. So we responded quickly but in this business responding quickly means maybe 3 to 4 years. You can’t t urn on the proverbial dime.So now we’re enjoying all the investment but we did go through a period where I felt looking back today, we’re quite flat we saw what we had to do and we did it and in summing up to terms we did it quickly but it was a challenging period.Martin: Jack, you said you didn’t expect your competitors to change up their business so quickly. How did it really take in terms of years? And why do you think it was that quickly? Because most of the Startups think “Oh the old guys, they will never change, like maybe 15 years but until then I’m big.” What was your expectation?Jack: First of all, the companies that had the factories (the big guys, so to speak), they are all excellent firms well-run and very nimble strategically and as big companies would probably move faster than other big companies, so to speak. We guessed wrong because of the billions of dollars that they had invested in their facilities. What I think, looking backward I miscalculated, wasnâ €™t their commitment to what they already spent but their loathing of having to spend again to stay current. So if they had spent $2 billion dollars to build the infrastructure they were using their going to have to spend 4 billion to keep it current. When they face that next check to write they look around and said, “Look these are those small companies are here being successful without all this infrastructure we can do it too.”I kept thinking about what they had spent not versus what they were about to spend. And that’s what accelerated their transition to our model and caused them jettison their infrastructure very quickly.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM JACK HARDINGMartin: Let’s talk about your advice to entrepreneurs because I heard that you are talking in many conferences, about the startup life, what has been the major learning over the years for you?Jack: If you’re doing it for money, don’t bother! Because on a risk-adjusted present-value basis being an entrepreneur is very low probability of making money. We all hear about that billion dollar scores and the people that had fantastic returns, they are measured in fractions of a person per thousand. The vast majority of startups fail and the ones that don’t fail, the vast majority of the those never have a return, particularly to the entrepreneurs.So you have to be an entrepreneur for the love of it and you have to make that decision early on. I have seen a lot of people chased the one-in-million return and it’s like hitting a home run in the world series so I can do too I’m going to play baseball hole-in-one at the PGA, “Oh I would take up golf but it’s not hard.” And I have come to learn also that being an entrepreneur isn’t something you do it is a state of mind, it’s being highly tolerant of ambiguity, of being uncertain about the decisions you’re making, it’s being comfortable with a contrarian view that you must take in order to create new market otherwise someone woul d be there already. And you can’t follow someone is in the land of startups because by definition they’re there.So you also have to be somewhat comfortable anticipating or predicting other complementary innovations that will make your life easier. If you think about you can take the road on the highway to get from point A to point B but you know it’s much shorter if you drive across through the woods and you’ve got to hope that when you get to the river the someone has built a bridge. So entrepreneurs thinking in terms of, “I’ve heard someone’s going to build a bridge or it makes sense they build a bridge there and I know a guy who’s investing building a bridge. It’s not there yet but I’m going to cut across to the woods and beat my competitors on the highway because it’s a much shorter drive.” And the question is when you get there what if is the bridge isn’t there? Do you say okay we’re done? It’s a very viable decision that the entrepreneurs used to say, “This will fail let’s start again”, and we’ll will get back to failure in a moment or you say, “Okay, it turns out the bridge was a half mile down the road.” And then you organize your team and you travel down the river for a half mile while there is a bridge it was later than you thought but you got there anyway.These vagaries and uncertainties have to be part of something that the delight you as a human that doesn’t stress you and that you have this fundamental belief that you can adapt in times of business trauma. So it’s a mindset that really has to be present such a skill set per se.I mentioned I want to get back to the subject of failure. I talk a lot about entrepreneurship in Europe and invariably someone in the audience raises their hand and says, “You know you guys are in Silicon Valley if you screw up and your company fails you’re even more valuable because you know what not to do the next time, over here in Europe if we screw up we’re ruined. So , a big variable is to work in a culture that doesn’t deem failure to be the end of your value to society or to the industry. You need to start your business in an ecosystem where failure is seen as experience that can be exploited in the future.To me that’sâ€" you can do everything right and working in an ecosystem or a culture that the first time you have a setback your investors or stakeholders pull the plug. It is impossible to win that way. One of my investors said to me early on that his job was to do two things; to decide every quarter if I should keep my job and then make sure I never run out of money. As long as I kept my job his job is to make sure that I always have money. He led the hundred million dollars in the first four years because we continued to show promise and we continued to give evidence that the market was coming our way.It’s hard to find people outside of the Silicon Valley that will have forward-looking view and give you the space you need to fail an d recover and get back in the game. So I always counseled people to be careful not just what you startup and what the expectation but where you startup so that you have people who understand that it’s a high-risk endeavor and you may not make it on the first pass.Martin: Jack, what other types of learnings have you have learned along the way?Jack: This is not unique to being a startup but it’s all about the people. I have invested in companies that have great products and okay people. But if the product comes out and if misses the market by 10% one way or the other, it’s over. Great people will bring out a product and if they missed the market by 10% they’ll adjust and get it again and again.Many, many, many startups even changed their strategy even if their entire business model as they evolve. Great people will make those decisions of the company where there are great products if unless they hit the bulls eye, will take you under. And so it’s all about the team and I kno w this sounds trite but I’ve proven it over and over again. Whatever I made a decision based on something anything other than the quality of the person with whom I want work with it’s been a mistake. I would have held to my guns about who I want to bring into a company to win based on their success, their knowledge, their character, their willingness to live in an ambiguous environment with lots of uncertainty is always a great dividends. So that’s a key variable as well.Martin: Jack, thank you so much for your time and sharing your knowledge.Jack: My pleasure, I appreciate it.Martin: And next time you are thinking about starting a company, think about what type of ecosystem you will start because you will need lots of support along the way and people who will back you up. Thanks!

Essay about Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1212 Words

In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, the relationship between Janie and Nanny is one of great dispute over if it is healthy or not. The idea that the most influential person in Janie’s life is also the one who triggered her struggles when she was becoming a woman is sadly ironic. Nanny’s true influence on Janie is brought to light through symbolic, and decaying diction, Biblical, and Greek Mythological allusions, and natural metaphors, by describing Janie’s journey to womanhood, through finding her own opinion, acquiring a stable life from Nanny, her maturation, and what she gained when becoming a woman. Through the use of symbolic diction, decaying diction, and metaphors, Hurston illustrates Janie’s inner struggle†¦show more content†¦A new side of Nanny is implied through decaying diction when Nanny enters Janie’s mind on her knees because moving on the knees both brings pain for the person being walked on, and is a submissive way to be walked towards. This shows that Nanny both wants to force Janie to take on her opinions and ask for forgiveness. What surfaces in this passage through positive unlikely characterization, and biblical allusions, is the plight of Nanny in that she knows she is going to die soon, and wants to make sure that Janie’s life is stable before it happens. Through positive unlikely characterization Nanny attempts to explain the crossroads that she was at whilst raising Janie, â€Å"Lawd, you know mah heart. Ah done de best Ah could do† (24). Even though Janie and Nanny had just had a fight, Janie does not understand Nan ny’s viewpoints. However, all that matters to Nanny is that the â€Å"Lawd† (24) knows her position. The fact that Nanny is not Janie’s biological mother creates tension between the two of them because the values and way Nanny would raise a child are out of date to Janie. When Nanny says, â€Å"De rest is left to you† (24) she is referring to the Christian God. This biblical allusion implies that Nanny believes that she has completed her mission of raising Janie, and the rest of Janie’s life lies in God’s hands. She realizes that if she were to continue raising Janie it would deteriorate their relationship further. Therefore, Nanny is explaining and justifyingShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiv er searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Essay on Disney Goes to War Animated Propaganda - 2554 Words

â€Å"Animation offers a medium of storytelling and visual entertainment which can bring pleasure and information to people of all ages everywhere in the world,† said Walt Disney of his beloved cartoons. While it is true that cartoons are an interesting medium of visual entertainment, their unique ability to convey information to people, adults and children alike, make the animated film medium one of the most far reaching means of propaganda. Today it is impossible to imagine American animated cinema without Disney and its cartoons. The American captivation with Disney has not changed much in the seventy years since World War II. In the early 1940s, two thirds of Americans went to the movies every week and these moviegoers were enamored†¦show more content†¦While the term propaganda is usually uttered oozing with negative connotation, it is important to understand that it is not only the tool of â€Å"totalitarian regimes,† but is also employed by â€Å"l iberal democracies† (Taylor 3). The only difference between these two propaganda users (or abusers) is the intended audience and the rival group being criminalized. Disney Gets Drafted As already mentioned, the United States readily took part in the propaganda parley of World War II. The threat of subversive Nazi propaganda on U.S. soil caused private citizens to use their contacts to pressure the government into counteracting the â€Å"attack on democracy† (Laurie 30-32). This spurred the creation of government organizations such as the U.S. Office of the Coordinator of Information (COI) and the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS). The role of these organizations was to oversee the propaganda released on behalf of the government (Laurie 45). The military naturally became involved in the creation and implementation of propaganda films to promote anti-Nazi feelings across a nation immersed in a global war. Also, the hope was that these films would act as a morale booster necessary in a nation that had just experienced the horrors of Pearl Harbor (Fyne 12). As the military became involved in the propaganda effort, so did Disney Studios. On December 8, 1941, the day after Pearl Harbor was attacked; Disney received its first militaryShow MoreRelatedThe American Animation Industry and Walt Disney Essay2286 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernment with animated propaganda and Ignisia. Animation played a major role for the advancement of motion film in 1900’s. Before motion picture camera, frame by frame photographs were used to understand animal and human movement. Eventually a series of famous cartoons would be created which would lead to the expansion of animation studios in New York and California. One famous animation studio that opened up was Walt Disney, which would eventually dominate animation for many years. 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Coining the phrase, â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it,† Disney was devoted to embodying the American spirit. He loved learning about the past and was active in working towards the future in a whimsical manner whichRead MoreEvil Disney, Research Response to Henry Giroux5383 Words   |  22 PagesEvil Mickey There are plenty of hotbed issues on how the Disney corporation’s sociological and socio political ideologies are embedded into their products and how they affect children, but very few ask why Disney would place hidden ideologies in their movies/shows. What reasons would Disney have to program children with outdated morals while trying desperately to uphold a model image of innocence? What practices has the disney corporation practiced that some would consider immoral or even illegalRead MoreOligopoly and the Disney Company.6632 Words   |  27 Pagesthese media giants is the Walt Disney Company (Disney). 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Each division under The Walt Disney Company’s umbrella providesRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 PagesCompany Research Paper The Walt Disney Company Pranay Kumar George Batah Shuxian Shen Sheng Hao Koo â€Å"We have complied with university honor code in completion of this assignment and I attest that this work is ours and ours alone.† Professor Suzanne Weiss Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Management 4. Situation Analysis 5. Ethics and Responsibility 6. Human Resource 7. Globalization 8. Operation and Production Read MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesinto an illiterate culture. o Games to kings now played by the working class and peasants. †¢ First known European block printings with a communications function were devotional prints of saints. The Ars Moriendi: this was a 13 page piece of propaganda from the Church, but to the average citizen it seemed like something meant to help individuals cope with death. à  Ã¯Æ'   Gutenberg: resolved the technical, organizational, and production problems that had plagued earlier typographic printing efforts

New Questions About Proposal Essay Environmental Topics Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report

New Questions About Proposal Essay Environmental Topics Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report The goal of a research proposal is to persuade the professor in the relevance of the subject and illustrate the use of the research, predict the potential outcome of the research and think about the most suitable procedures of the research and sources which could be effective for the high-quality analysis of the issue. It's about resources and efficiency. Environmental dissertation topics vary in diversity depending on the management issues being considered. Click the unit to observe the research topics offered and suggestions for sources. So How About Proposal Essay Environmental Topics? The first thing you've got to do whenever you're going to get started working on your paper is to write up a proposal. There's no need in making a determination, which health problem or phenomena is more urgent right now or what's left in the shadows and should be enlightened at least in your essay. The first thing one must do is to rate the essay question to decide what is required. Not everybody can write the ideal essay and should you don't have the time to do the correct quantity of research and compose the paper within the deadline, you might find yourself struggling and stressing out. When it is argumentative or informative essays, you have to develop a topic that could grab the interest of the reader right away and this isn't such an easy job. Before writing your proposal you have to do the next things. If you're stuck and would prefer a little more help, take a look at our essay samples for more support. You need to provide your readers enough information in order that they fully see what you're writing about. Since you can see, we're suited for any academic assignment you might have, we even handle environmental science debate topics among many more. The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the interest of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. Even should you need to file your environmental science project topics within a quick notice, we can still deliver promptly. In addition, it has been observed that the majority of the students aren't very good at politics so it more than obvious they won't have the ability to craft an eye-catching, alluring and attention grabbing topic. Writing a proposal essay isn't as difficult as it might sound, it isn't important the way your professor or teacher describes it. Students may easily write argumentative essay or other sorts of essays like persuasive essays proposal assignments with the support of topics that are listed in the subsequent list. If you cannot think of a superior proposal essay topic or don't understand how to go about the proposal essay, leave it on us to assist you in making your mark with a well-written essay. Keep in mind, proposal essays serve a purpose beyond academia. They are sort of assignments that are given to the students before they start writing the actual essay on the topic. Because they are a type of argumentative essay, you want to be sure the essay is worthy of an argument. Thus, the decision to purchase a research proposal from here would be absolutely the most appropriate one, as knowledge is the force moving the improvement of the humanity. The environment was investigated for quite a while now, and new awareness has pushed us to find out more about the environmental systems as an active area of science. Environmental problems, such as climate change, are undoubtedly among the most essential ones nowadays, and that's why many students are often given the job of writing an academic paper about the surroundings. Fashion fashion, speedy food, packaging and inexpensive electronics are simply a few of the difficulties. Facts, Fiction and Proposal Essay Environmental Topics By doing these 3 things, you can make your essay based on actual researched proposal topics that allow you to stay focused on a certain subject. It is possible to write about such topics as-is, modify them, or simply utilize them to secure you in the perfect mindset to produce your own topic. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research on the web, it's much better to determine what interests you the most. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. The Chronicles of Proposal Essay Environmental Topics Now you are aware that proposal essay has to be done employing the prescribed form. Don't neglect to get a Kibin editor review your final paper to be sure it's on the right path. Never turn in a very first draft, this 3 words ought to be followed to the letter. Y ou will probably be requested to format your essay proposalin a certain sort of format. The Upside to Proposal Essay Environmental Topics Fortunately, individuals have become mindful of the consequences of fast consumption'' and there are several easy changes you can create in your life to help significantly reduce landfill waste. One of the most typical essay topics is the problem of environmental pollution. The essay may also describe the root of the pollution issues. Your essay might incorporate the explanations for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. You will need to specify the sort of your custom made essay on pollution, page count, formatting and style requirements, along with deadline. 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Possessing a stress management program would be quite beneficial for Baderman Island employees, so they may be educated in the disposition of stress and its effects. So, both students of healthcare programs together with students of any other specialty may have a task to compose an essay on health topic. A decrease in environmental compliance costs are going to have the greatest influence on the domestic independent producers.

Online Business Essay Example For Students

Online Business Essay Business is any activity that seeks profit by providing needed goods and services to others. The nature of providing these goods and services has changed drastically throughout the history of time. During the last thirty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and uses of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Today, in 1999, nearing the new millenium, the number one technique of tying business into technology would be the use of the Internet. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include over 2.0 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then usually directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee pe r month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to millions of web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Since the Internet can be accessed by millions of people all time, it would be a great incentive for businesses. The Internet can help businesses in number of extraordinary ways. First, the Internet is an excellent way to make business information available to possible consumers. Say a person hears about a product that your business produces and would like to know more information about that product. Well, through Internet access, that person can easily locate your business web site and browse through the information needed. Included in the web site found, there could be many documents, pictures, small movie flicks, and unique question and answer sections available. All of this can be gathered in the convenience of a persons home, twenty-four hours a day. A business can be very pleased with the amount of information they can readily have available to pu blish to the entire world. If the consumers are satisfied with a particular product with all the public information made available, why not make a product or service obtainable through the use of the Internet. Well, many companies use that method of distribution right now. The Internet can sell products on-line very effectively. It is just as simple as making a selection at a regular store, only you are using the computer and probably using a credit card as the method of payment. Depending on how developed and advanced the companies web site is; customer service may be available to help some customers with expert advice. Or, it could just make them feel comfortable. Another plus about the use of the Internet is that most of the time it is user friendly and all of the time cost effective. The term user friendly refers to making the use of the system untroubled and easy to understand. Making the computer web site user friendly could greatly encourage the user to continue to absorb the available information. Having resources like big bold titles and pictures would increase the appearance to the viewer. Simple order forms and instructions should be made clear. A messy and complicated web site could turn the user off and make them unhappy with the services provided. Even with the hundred of services available, one thing is for sure that it is very cost effective. Providing web sites over the Internet is far more cheaper than advertising in magazines, on the radio, or on television. In addition, web sites may be modified with current changes within a company at any time. Therefore, most of the information tied into the web site is currently up-to-date and very competitive. Making business information available is one of the most important ways to serve your customers. By using the Internet, the customers can feel at ease with the information given to them. They can scroll through what they want to know and quickly bypass useless information at there own speed. There is no pressure on the customer to continue they may even take a break or a short pause whenever they feel it is necessary. Because the Internet is entirely at the touch of your own fingers, it can make customers and even browsers feel very comfortable. If that does not bring connivance to the users, the twenty-four hour service of availability should accommodate them even more. Some consumers could say they would rather stay home all day and do all of their business with the Internet. Well, today all that is possible. No driving around from store to store and no negotiating with pesky salesmen would greatly help some. Technology today can deliver business to us and not make us travel to businesses. Another benefit of using the Internet would be the chance of curious people coming across your web site that did not know it existed or the existence of the products and services you are advertising. There are millions of people out there that are constantly stumbling on and across new s ites, products, and services. .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .postImageUrl , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:hover , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:visited , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:active { border:0!important; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:active , .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0 .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff60c3fe843b9ef48cd98bfbb9df24d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Truman Doctrine Essay The Internet is a fun and exciting way for consumers to learn and review more about a product or company. As forementioned, many documents may be included with 3D graphics and sound. There are many clever and imaginative ways and ideas that can be expressed. Web sites pertaining to children can come across in a more colorful approach, while material directed toward on older generation can be presented in another perspective. Whether targeting a younger or older audience, the outcome of the results gathered can be phenomenal. The Internet has numerous advantages and advances for preparing a business. The Internet can connect consumers with valuable information about a product. The Internet can also possibly retail specific products to consumers online, all while being user friendly and cost effective. The Internet can give useful information to consumers whenever they are interested. And the brightest aspect of all is that it is the most exciting way to learn more about a product or service. So as you can see, The Internet can help businesses just as well as customers. The amount of information that can be gathered from the Internet is infinite. The Internet is an information super highway. As far as the negative aspects are concerned, I believe that there are few to none. The Internet is a positive, extraordinary growing market for businesses and services. As we head into the future, technology will bring more excellent and exciting advancements into the business world.

Adventures Of Huck Finn And Racism Essays - English-language Films

Adventures Of Huck Finn And Racism There is a current debate that the description of Jim in the novel "Huckleberry Finn" is racist leading to some schools banning it from their libraries. Jim's character is described as an uneducated and simple sounding; illiterate slave and some people have looked upon this characterization as racist. Jim is depicted as a slave in the south during a period when slavery was common place and widely accepted as the way of life. Slaves of this time period were not provided any formal education; never allowed any independent thought and were constantly mistreated and abused. The author in my opinion is merely describing how a slave spoke in those days and was trying to give you the true feeling behind his thought, while writing this tale. Despite a few instances in which Jim's description might be misconstrued as being racist, such as the use of the word "nigger", the reader should be able to understand that this is a fictional portrayal of two boys, one white and one black, during a time when slavery was common place. There is an obvious contrast of the mind set depicted in Twain's novel compared to then and now. The use of the word "nigger" is most certainly a very slanderous slang term that is not socially acceptable in present times. The dialect in which Jim is speaking indicates how Jim spoke do to his lack of education and refinement that white people refused to provide to slaves. This provision was not permitted as white slave owners viewed blacks as property and as being unable to learn proper grammar and structure of the English language. Some historians have stated that this was also so because it allowed the white's to maintain control over their slaves in order to "keep the upper hand", so to speak. We as a modern society should maintain an open mind when dealing with literary works such as Huckleberry Finn and bare in mind that novels such as these are written during socially diverse and sometimes opposite ways of thinking. We should not ban a literary work such as Huckleberry Finn simply because it is not accepted by modern day standards. As we look further into the character's( Jim's) dialogue we find that Twain has written as accurately as possible the way that he would sound and also to make you stop and think and picture in your mind him speaking that way. Though difficult to interpret at times, it gives you an authentic feel of this character's persona. For those that are die-hard readers, that "lose themselves" in what they are reading, this approach is ideal.

Free Essays on Ace Of Aces

Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know... Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know...

Principles of Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Principles of Economics - Assignment Example This is a factor that will result in students missing on the services and others will opt to park out of school wile others will be forced to use other means of transportation that are likely to inconvenience them more. Employed students will feel the pinch the most. Their time will be wasted with most of them opting for external parking. Unemployed students have adequate time to look for parking and if not for the rush to class, they will be the greatest benefactors of the lowered parking prices. Opportunity cost refers to the loss of one alternative when the other is chosen. 100 bats are equivalent to the production of 400 rackets. Producing an additional 100 bats will thus result in the loss of 400 rackets. The larger trade off is brought about by the equal rate of producing the two items in the second scenario. While the other will result in the loss of more rackets, the second scenario results in the loss of 100 rackets. This is more admissible than in the first case. f. Suppose Athletic Country is currently producing 200 bats and 200 rackets. How many additional bats could they produce without giving up any rackets? How many additional rackets could they produce without giving up any bats? (4 Marks) The production of equal number of the two simply results in equal number of either item in case of a trade-off. In this scenario, one bat or racket traded off results in the loss of one racket or bat preferred over the other. This type of production is efficient as it ensures effective returns for the capital invested. In case of an increased demand on either of the two, the firm simply halts the production of the other thereby maximising on the capital. In order to reduce smoking, the government places an additional tax of  £2 on a pack of twenty cigarettes. After one month, while the price to the consumer has increased a great deal, the quantity

A comparative study of extreme Islamic terrorist groups Essay - 1

A comparative study of extreme Islamic terrorist groups - Essay Example People who carry out terrorist activities never formally do not identify themselves as opponents nor are they controlled by any political entity (Roy Long, 2004, pp. 1-4). Terrorism is categorized between ideological, national and religion. The reasons behind the terrorist attacks are political domination, religious fanaticism and divine revelation (Durmaz, 2007, p.209). The trauma of terror created by the terrorist has a huge impact on the United States. United States of America is known as a very powerful country in the world especially with respect to its military base. U.S.A has reacted very strongly against the act of terrorism and has taken all measures to prevent them. The United States faces homeland insecurity, owing to terrorism and its impact on American society. Terrorism was prevalent in the world from many decades but in a very small form. But the perception towards terrorism largely changed after the September 11 incident that occurred in United States in the year 2001. It shocked the entire world especially the people of America started suffering from homeland insecurity. United States took a drastic step in reforming laws and policies. Several government agencies were combined to build the Department of Homeland Security. Millions of dollars were spent for the formation of the U.S Patriot Act which helps in ferreting out prospective criminals and terrorist acts. Current anti terrorism laws which initiated around the world started after the September 11 incident. United States was attacked by the terrorist group called al-Qaeda. This group is mostly famous for its fanaticism and violent approach of terrorism. This group mostly acts on the basis of religious inspiration rather than political philosophy. The countries that have already ex perienced terrorism, mostly accuses individuals for criminal offence than politicized crime. Before 9/11, U.S.A had

A social model analysis of disability

A social model analysis of disability In recent times, social model of disability has gained academic attention through the works of acclaimed activists like Vic Finklestein, Paul Hunt and Mike Oliver (Barnes, 2000; Oliver, 1990a). The social model of disability holds a divergent view to that of the medical model. The social model tends to make a clear distinction between impairment and disability. That is to say the impaired person is disabled as a result of social barriers and structures. This social model of disability view is esteemed highly in the developed nations as America, Germany, Britain and Austria. In the UK the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) was enacted based on the medical model however service providers adjusting to accommodate the law reasonably follow the social model (Lewis, 2005). Could the social model of disability be translated into the economies of the majority world where lack basic infrastructure to meet the needs of persons with impairment are far reaching? This essay will attempt to answer that question by firstly defining what social model and developing nations are. It will, secondly, develop further by giving a brief historical background of the social model of disability. Thirdly it will discuss other modules of disability such as the medical model, the WHOs International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) and International Classification Functioning (ICF). It will make reference to situations in a few minority countries for broader comparison. Disability in the majority world will be examined in conjunction with social model of disabilities ideology. Then finally critically analyse the social model under the microscope of the majority world perspective. Definitions and Models of Disability Llewellyn and Hogan (2000) state that usually a model signifies a kind hypothesis that is specifically structural and which looks to make clear an idea by linking it to a theoretical method and device. A model is basically a structure for assessing information. Models of disability therefore offer structures through which the experience of disability is understood. This enables disabled people to provide for themselves and the society they live in a framework through which laws, regulations and structures can be developed. It also provides knowledge about the attitudes, ideas and prejudice of people and the impact they can have on people with impairments. Furthermore, they highlight ways in which society relates to disabled people in daily life. The models of disability are characterised by two primary viewpoints, medical and social. Williams (1996), a proponent of the medical model, asserts that impairment is a natural part of disability. Given the position that impairment is a natural part of disability, then the individual becomes responsible for his/her disability. Oliver (1990b) highlights this issue by saying that there are two main problems with the individual or medical model. Firstly, it places the problem of disability with the impaired person and secondly the cause of the problem and the practical restrictions involved are imagined to arise from the impairment. The medical model was obviously born before the social model and is often held in contrasting opinion with the social model. Mercer, Shakespeare and Barnes (1999) posit that disabled individuals are considered to be reliant on others to be looked after, and to overcome disability they have to rely on healing medicine. Practically, normality through rehabilitation is then sought if the impairment cannot be healed. Overcoming disability can then b e considered to be parallel with prevailing over physiological restrictions of impairment. Disability rights groups often compare this model to the price of intrusive medical procedures like genetic screening. Often big investment in these procedures and technologies is underpinned by the medical model. Oliver (1990b) asserts that where impairment cannot be treated or cured, a lot of people with disabilities will receive unnecessary medical attention, which is oppressive and unacceptable. This is often thought of as a waste of money as adaptation of the disabled persons surroundings could be less expensive and achievable than medical intervention. The medical model of disability is also seen by some disability rights groups as a civil rights issue and they often disapprove of benevolent initiatives such as awareness raising campaigns which are used to portray disabled people. It is felt that this often encourages negativity and undermines the image of people with impairments and does nothing to promote disability as a political, social and environmental dilemma. The International Classification of Disease (ICD) was the first definitional schema developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). It had been in existence since 1893 and evidenced that the health care systems previously focussed on disease. The theorisation of disease was purely straight forward. If a disease manifests it is able to be cured or it can develop until the organism dies. The progress in medical technology drastically changed the potential outcomes of pathologic conditions beyond weighing morbidity and mortality. Impairments and disabilities figure prominently in these conditions and as the ICD model could not assess health problems that were chronic or disabling a new model that would make assessment significant was required. The new definitional schema took an individual model approach in the name of International Classification of Impairments, Disability and Handicaps (ICIDH). Bury (2000) confirms this when he comments on ICIDH2. He writes of his excitement as WHO shied away from its constricted medical model view point. ICIDH was developed in the mid 1970s and is part of a family of classifications. It was purposely designed to constrict the gap between what health care will be able to do and what it is expected to do (WHO, 1980b). The International Classification of Impairments, Disability and Handicaps (ICIDH) basically examined the cost of non-fatal disease to an individual and also the interaction between that individual and society. There are three parts of the ICIDH which are related to the state of health. They are namely impairment, disability and handicap which has been defined as follows: Impairment In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. Disability In the context of health experience, a disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap In the context of health experience, a handicap is a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal (depending on the age, sex, social and cultural factors) for that individual. (WHO 1980a:27-9) This classification was recognised world wide and underpinned many medical assessments but it was not long before it came under criticism. Oliver (1990) for instance disapproves of the ICIDH because for an individual to carry out their role as an ordinary member of society the person would be expected to change instead of his/her environment. He feels the medical viewpoint on disability is propagated through the definitions given and that individuals are expected to be healed through some form of interference. Pope and Talov (1991) also criticised the usage of the term handicap. The word had negative connotations which inferred limitations in performance. They also assert that ICIDH fails to make a clear distinction between disability and handicap planes. WHO, in the light of criticisms, brought about the development of the ICIDH-2 which soon after became International Classification of Functioning (ICF) (WHO, 2001). The social and medical models of disability have been integrated in the ICIDH-2 (Finkelstein 1998, Barnes and Mercer, 2004; World Health Organisation, 2002). The aim of the ICF was to create a classification that would be simple enough to be considered by practitioners as a significant description of the consequences of health conditionsAmong other things it was to be functional and enable identification of health care needs, shape intervention programs like prevention or rehabilitation. De Kleijn-De Vrankrijker (2003) affirms that the ICF is a better revision of the ICIDH. The language is impartial and the fundamental values very contrasting. The social model, however, was developed in the 1970s by disabled people. It was a response to basically how society treated disabled people plus their experience of the welfare and health systems which drove them to being segregated and oppressed. Scholars like Vic Finkelstein, Colin Barnes and Mike Oliver gave it a backing (Shakespeare and Watson 2002). The social model could be said to have been initiated from an essay entitled A Critical Condition written by Paul Hunt in 1966. (Hunt, 1966) In the essay Paul Hunt argued that society held non-disabled people in high esteem making disabled people feel unlucky and good for nothing. Fallow (2007) however, argued that this might not be an exact view of disabled people but one that had been imposed on them. Almost a decade after Paul Hunts essay, the Union of Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS) developed the social model in their definition of impairment and disability. They asserted that disability was: the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a contemporary social organisation which takes little or no account of people who have physical impairments and thus excludes them from participation in the mainstream of social activities (UPIAS 1976:14). Mike Oliver, teaching a group of social work students, later coined the term social model in an attempt to introduce the ideas of the UPIAS Fundamental Principles. He said focusing on the individual model concept against that of the social model he derived the difference made between impairment and disability by UPIAS. (Oliver 1990b) Making a clear distinction between impairment and the disabling effect of society in relation to impairment is what the social model is about. It implies that when a person cannot walk it is not his/her inability to walk that disables them but the lack of stairs that are not wheelchair accessible that disables them. If a person is visually impaired, it is not their impairment that disables them but the lack of information in Braille or large print that disables them. Disability can be said in other words to be socially constructed. The social model recognises people with physical, mental or learning difficulties may not be able to function and therefore seeks to remove any barriers that limit their functioning. It advocates for disabled people to enjoy equal rights and responsibility. Swain et al (2004) assert that impairment should be considered as a positive benefit not something pitiful. It has been documented from disabled peoples perspective that being impaired can have benefits . Definitions of Developing and Majority World Developing nations is an economical term used to describe medium income economies for the purpose of this essay. It is a term that has many variations for example third world, and the south (Stone 1999). These terms are sometimes frowned upon because they give an impression that western industrialisation or so called developed nations provide the yard stick for judging advancement. Stone (1999) alleges that the idea of the west occupying the highest sit in development and the rest world hanging to the sit is inherent. Developing nations also refers to a nation or country that does not have a well developed economy and political structure compared to industrialised nations. World Bank Group (2004) defines developing nations as countries with average levels of GNP per capita plus 5 high-income developing economies like Hong Kong, Israel, Kuwait, Singapore and United Emirates. Pearson Education (2005) states that they are nations that have been defined by the World Bank as having low or middle incomes with low living conditions compared to high income nations. Katsui (2006) uses the South to refer to developing countries and beneficiaries of growth collaboration and North for developed countries. Majority world refers to non-westernised countries where often policies and structures are lacking to support the nations. These are countries that fall outside of the minority world and are considered to have low income per capita, levels of economic growth and low indices of life expectancy and education. Minority world also stands for developed world, western world, the North and industrialised nations. Countries like America, Australia, Germany France, Britain, Netherlands etc that have high level of economic growth according to their income per capita and high gross domestic product per capita. Industrialisation is another economic criteria used to measure growth in these countries. In recent times more outstanding issues like human development index matched with economic weight, national income, other measures, indicators like life expectancy and education have become part of the criteria for measuring which type of world a country is from. Disability in the Minority World Priestley (2005) puts forward that there has been a remarkable change in the way disability is viewed in European social policy. The minority world has over the years seen the application of social model of disabilities in various laws, policies and strategies. The European Commission (EC) (2010b) maintains that disabled people should have dignity, basic rights, and protection against intolerance, equality, justice and social cohesion. It sees disability as a social construct which fronts intolerance and stigmatisation. Consequently, it is the disabled persons environment that has to change and not the person. The EC has a disability strategy plan (DAP) which guides disabled policies. The EC wants to see disabled people get involved in disabled affairs and also have more accessibility, job opportunities and self-sufficient living. EC (2010a) further asserts that about 80 million Europeans have a disability and cannot enjoy the everyday comforts like riding on a bus, shopping, using the internet and watching television because of barriers put in place by society. A new strategy to remove these obstacles has been implemented. These EC statements are certainly underpinned by the social model of disability. They all advocate for a disabled persons environment to be altered to enable them participate fully in society. National Disability Authority (2005) adds its voice to the debate by saying the social model has added to the shift from disability based agendas to a more conventional and inclusive approach. All of the above makes it relatively easy to live with impairment in the minority world. The provision of the welfare system is a fundamental part of western society and those who benefit from it most are those who are unable to work because of ailment (Overland 2007). If a person lost a limb, for example, they would be registered disabled as they would be limited in what they could do. Their needs would be taken care of by some sort of income benefit. Fit-for-purpose cars are built for people who have difficulty moving about. Special parking spaces for disabled people are provided making life relatively easy for many disabled people. Architecture supports building design and factors in access ramps. The Disability Equality Duty (DED) which was introduced by the new Disability Discrimination Act of 2005 in the UK for instance makes public bodies obligated to take into consideration the needs of disabled people when they are planning services. An affirmative attitude is recommended to be shown towards disabled people. Out-Law (2006) affirm Disability Rights Commission UKs view that the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 would bring a great change to disabled people and will change how public authorities offer their services. Walking aids are provided for those with balancing difficulties to help support and maintain their balance. Visually impaired are given guide dogs to move around with. They have various assistance technologies to help them study and participate in full economic and social activities. Most organisations provide accessible information for the hearing and visually impaired. There are electronic resources that support disabled life. Enabled People website is one of them. It gives information about disabled support, rights and systems (Bristow 2005). Developed nations and their respective governments make sure that disabled people live normal lives or reduce restrictions placed by disability. They have organisations and networks and people or organisations with political clout lobbying on disabled peoples behalf. Disability in Britain was transformed by disabled peoples movement in the 1980s (Hasler,1993). The European non-governmental organisation, European Disability Forum (EDF) stands for the concerns of 65 million disabled people in Europe. In America effective laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 regulates disability law and prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in housing, employment and access to public services. The purpose of ADA is to assist disabled people in any way practicable and to ensure that their human rights and civil liberties have not been abused. It ensures that disabled people have all the comforts non disabled people have like disabled parking space and permits, ramp laws to showers and bathroom installations designed for physically disabled people. ADA was also established to improve quality of life by training both disabled and non disabled. Social model disability ideology The developing world cannot boast of such a life for its disabled people. The social model of disability has become known and thrived within minority or western society but critics have said it cannot be translated into the majority world (Stone, 1997; Miles 1996). In Britain the social model has become a fundamental indicator of disability politics which is used by disabled activist to differentiate among establishments, strategies, regulations and ideas (Shakespeare 2002). The needs and opportunities for people with impairments in majority world are sometimes entirely divergent from those in minority world and may require various solutions, systems of enquiry and explanations. The inequality is not a stand alone issue, but has roots in the various ideologies that surround disability in the majority world. The social model of disability has two main schools of thought. Those who believe that capitalism has contributed to the oppression of disabled people and those who believe that disability is as a result of an inherent believe in culture, attitude and prejudice (Sheldon et al., 2007; Barnes and Mercer 2005).The former, materialist, believes that the economic and political structures put in place in society have largely contributed to disabilism. Therefore political effort is desired to effect fundamental changes of an unequal system designed by capitalism. The latter, Idealist believes that disabled people are excluded from society purely because of lack of thought than anything else and in that sense a redress can be sought with education and addressing peoples attitudes without changing legislation that excludes people from everyday activities and inaccessible infrastructure (Priestly, 1998). This line of argument supports the improving of existing social systems. Capitalism which controls most of the world economy today is believed by the materialist to be the undercurrent of poverty in the majority world. Norberg (2003) raises issue with the fact that per capita GDP is more than 30 times higher in 20 wealthiest nations than in 20 deprived nations. Oliver (1999) asserts that the oppression of disabled people is ingrained in the economic and social formation of capitalism. Free markets have allowed various international organisations and individuals to set up home in the majority world taking away land and property from original settlers. Eskine (2009) asserts that numerous rich nations are purchasing land from the majority world for future investments. Since 1960 a new global industrialisation has arisen with international corporations operating in offshore outsourcing (Nash J and Fernandez-Kelly 1983). This has caused people who use to rely on agriculture; fishing and petty trading to lose their livelihood pushing them into poverty. Poverty is a major cause of disability in the majority world as simple diseases like diabetes cannot be managed making people blind. Thomas (2005) posits that poverty and disabling impairments are expressly connected and most disabilities can be avoided because they are poverty orientated. Meanwhile, other social commentators also argue that the free market is a good thing and that developing countries will benefit from this freedom (Urbach, 2004; Murkherjee, 2004) People will be able to travel freely and immigrate to other countries. They would also be able to trade with who ever they wish to trade with. It is further argued that consumers will have a wider choice and businesses will be able to lower their cost by hiring workers from other countries. Organisations setting up home in the majority world will bring more work to the society and people will be able to learn new skills, have social links and mix with other cultures but are these arguments not entrenched in colonialism or neo colonialism? Nkrumah (1965) asserts that neo-colonialism is the most damaging form of imperialism because those who engage in it have power but not accountability leaving those at the brunt of it exploited with no way of putting things right. Examples are, in the mid 20th century in places like Africa where nations obtained independence from their European masters but found that they were not totally free from their influence. Governments were undermined using destruction tools like propaganda, coup dà ©tats and the nomination of specific people into positions of influence (Hanlon, 1991). This caused many nations to remain dependant on their colonised masters even though they were free. Another form of capitalism which has influenced the majority world is Imperialism. It has been described as the ultimate form of capitalism and an extension of the basic parts of capitalism (Lenin 1916). Imperialism creates socio-political systems which make the world an unfair place and this inequality is constantly represented in global relationships where the rich and poor nations fight for the same resources and the improvement of their citizens. That is, if a nation is able to get in the lead by maximising its resources, technology and power then it becomes a super power and rules the others who could not. This gap then becomes a divide which has been termed the North-South gap. This ruler and ruled is an old concept. Wallerstein (n.d) posits that difference is a basic truth about todays world systems as is of past world systems. Even though Imperialist rule has long gone, distribution of resources and power is still uneven. Global south is still being exploited and continues to trail behind the super powers with all types of international insecurities like starvation, disease, civil war and the digital divide (Fong 2009; Compaine 2001). This inequality produces continuous discrimination making majority nations more impoverished. The gap means the rich minority world has been able to create powers that in effect control the poor majority world. Organisations like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) have over the years designed policies and strategies which are difficult for the majority world to follow (Barnes and Mercer 2005). Disability in the majority world According to the World Health Organisation 650 million people are disabled in the world. Of this total, 80% live in developing countries, 20% of them are the poorest in the world. Out of these figures only 2 3% of disabled children have access to education (Youthink, 2010). These figures are significant and make uncomfortable reading. Katsui (2006) gives further insight by stating that according to the United Nations (2000) and San (1999) Out of 80% disabled people living in the developing world only 2% receive some type of help. He further asserts that disabled people who live in the south are mainly uncared for by the governments and the global society. Godrej (2005) posits that in the majority world people with impairments are not at the top of the priority list. Disabled people in the majority world face multiple challenges, the overarching being poverty and social discrimination. WaterAid (2010) indicates that disabled people in the developing world do not only deal with social barriers but poverty and isolation. Yeo (2001); Coleridge (1993) states that suffering high levels of poverty is not the only problem for people, but the likelihood of acquiring an impairment. Furthermore, people with ailments normally have little rights to property, medical care, healthy food, accommodation, education and work. Lack of thorough diagnosis of ailment and on going medical care is another challenge for the disabled in the developing world. Impairments like Down syndrome can be detected in the womb but the fairly sophisticated equipment for doing this is often lacking. In child birth, routine conditions which are taken for granted in the minority world cause complications which often lead to brain damage and other physical disabilities for babies and their mothers. Baylies (2002) states that, pregnant mothers who for instance, abuse alcohol are often not aware of the harm they are causing their unborn children. A large number of mental impairments are acquired because of Iodine deficiency or poor nutrition. Disabled people are normally very deprived and frequently reside in places where health care and other facilities are hard to come by or does not exist leaving some impairments undiscovered and others not discovered on time (United Nations Enable, 2006). In the developing world many disabled people are less likely to be employed. Many resort to begging on the streets to support themselves and their families as most of the time there are no structures in place to support them in employment. Income is scant, dwindling and unequally allocated among the disabled. Transportation is another challenge as cars, lorries, buses and trains are not accessible for disabled people. Savill et al (2003) argues it is challenging for disabled people to travel therefore difficult to find a job or socialise. In many parts of the majority world culture affects the way disability is perceived. Often times, ignorance, superstition and fear cause people to see disability as a curse from God. In some parts of the majority world disabled people are seen as sub-human and unhealthy to join in community activities. Some are ashamed of their disabled relatives and hide them depriving them of any prospects whiles others view them as supreme beings and worship them (Turmusani, 2003; Edgerton, 1970). Disabled people hardly form part of the political process in the majority world often missing in the process of making decisions in communities and governments. Some even dont have the basic right to vote in elections because of difficulties in getting access and information. Most of the time, they are not consulted on subjects and decisions concerning them. Relevance of Social Model in majority world Advocators of the social model emphasizes that discrimination against disabled people is socially constructed and has little to do with their impairments. Meaning that disabled people in the majority world can live more like their non disabled peers if social barriers like inaccessible roads, transport, schools, hospitals and churches were adapted to accommodate them. Barnes (2009) states that disability is a social problem which has been worsened by globalisation and that the answer to the difficulties disabled people face in the developing world will probably remain the same if fundamental changes do not occur at local and global stages. Albert and Hurst (1997) affirms that the social model has given rise to awareness among the disabled people to forge a common front to fight for their basic rights. However, the relevance of the Social model of disability has been questioned by a number of academicians. Grech (2009) criticises the social model saying it is challenging for cultures because it for a certain period and speaks for certain class of disabled people in the minority world. She further argues that applying the social model in communities where the source of revenue is based on household economies is debatable. Edgerton (1970) describes in his East African research on how different communities across East Africa view people with mental impairments. Some show prejudice, others welcome them whiles others revere them. It has been argued that these cultural differences would make the adaptation of the social model of disability difficult. Albert and Hurst (1997) refute this argument asserting that many local customs like genital mutilations and killing of infants are acceptable in certain cultures but are they acceptable world-wide? This is affirmed by Baird and Hernà ¡ndez (2005) Tomà ¡s Hernà ¡ndez a disabled activist from Nicaragua highlighted on the changes that took place in Managua after wheel chair users demonstrated, realising they could not go to work without help. This demonstration had a positive effect where the sitting government took measures to lower kerbs and build ramps to accommodate wheel chair users. The Social model of disability is also accused of not taking into account the impairments of disabled people. Albert and Hurst (1997) asserts that this a major problem for the minority world how much more the majority world but they immediately defuse this statement by arguing that the statement is made by able bodied people who have no idea of what it means to live with impairments. Thomas, Gradwell and Markham (1997), and Oliver (1996) state that the social model of disability does not overlook impairment but refuses to give it attention. Opponents of the social model of disability like Crow (1996) and French (1993) question the reason: the word impairment is being overlooked and calls for it to be brought to the fore as it is a fundamental part of being disabled. Albert and Hurst (1997) further argue that the social model of disability does not overlook the source of disability rather it advocates for the removal of social constructs like poverty and wars that easily beset people. Another argument is that the social model of disability is a western phenomena and that disabled people in the minority world have basic needs and therefore are able to fight for social rights whereas their compatriots in majority world lack even the basic needs (Werner 1998 cited in Albert and Hurst 1997 p27). Charowa (2005) posits that disabled people in Zimbabwe are frequently not able to acquire personal aids so they make use of makeshift wheel chairs. Albert and Hurst (1997) however, counter argue that the social model of disability is not a western phenomena as a large percentage of its out spoken proponents come from the majority world. Schmidt (2010) indicates that specialist equipment that will require the use of energy will not be helpful to the 1.5 billion people who are poor. International Energy Agency forecast that 1.3 out of the 1.5 poor people will not have access to energy until 20 years time. Another point raised against the relevance of the social model of disability in the developing world is the matter of difference. Where for example, the physical impaired are treated better than people with mental impa